PyQt que muestra la transmisión de video de opencv

Solución:

El problema es que la función que obtiene la imagen se ejecuta una sola vez y no actualiza la etiqueta.
La forma correcta es colocarlo dentro de un bucle, pero resultará en el bloqueo de la ventana principal. Este bloqueo de la ventana principal se puede solucionar utilizando el QThread clase y enviar a través de una señal QImage para actualizar la etiqueta. Por ejemplo:

import cv2
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import  QWidget, QLabel, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, Qt, pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap

class Thread(QThread):
    changePixmap = pyqtSignal(QImage)

    def run(self):
        cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
        while True:
            ret, frame = cap.read()
            if ret:
                # https://stackoverflow.com/a/55468544/6622587
                rgbImage = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
                h, w, ch = rgbImage.shape
                bytesPerLine = ch * w
                convertToQtFormat = QImage(rgbImage.data, w, h, bytesPerLine, QImage.Format_RGB888)
                p = convertToQtFormat.scaled(640, 480, Qt.KeepAspectRatio)
                self.changePixmap.emit(p)


class App(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        [...]
        self.initUI()

    @pyqtSlot(QImage)
    def setImage(self, image):
        self.label.setPixmap(QPixmap.fromImage(image))

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)
        self.resize(1800, 1200)
        # create a label
        self.label = QLabel(self)
        self.label.move(280, 120)
        self.label.resize(640, 480)
        th = Thread(self)
        th.changePixmap.connect(self.setImage)
        th.start()
        self.show()

Actualizando esto para PySide2 y qimage2ndarray

from PySide2.QtCore import *
from PySide2.QtGui import *
import cv2 # OpenCV
import qimage2ndarray # for a memory leak,see gist
import sys # for exiting

# Minimal implementation...

def displayFrame():
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    image = qimage2ndarray.array2qimage(frame)
    label.setPixmap(QPixmap.fromImage(image))

app = QApplication([])
window = QWidget()

# OPENCV

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 320)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 240)

# timer for getting frames

timer = QTimer()
timer.timeout.connect(displayFrame)
timer.start(60)
label = QLabel('No Camera Feed')
button = QPushButton("Quiter")
button.clicked.connect(sys.exit) # quiter button 
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(button)
layout.addWidget(label)
window.setLayout(layout)
window.show()
app.exec_()

# See also: https://gist.github.com/bsdnoobz/8464000

Gracias Taimur Islam por la pregunta. Gracias eyllanesc por su maravillosa respuesta y modifiqué un poco su código. Usé PtQt = 4 Python = 2.7 y no usé opencv

import sys    
import numpy as np
import flycapture2 as fc2

from PyQt4.QtCore import (QThread, Qt, pyqtSignal)
from PyQt4.QtGui import (QPixmap, QImage, QApplication, QWidget, QLabel)

class Thread(QThread):
    changePixmap = pyqtSignal(QImage)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QThread.__init__(self, parent=parent)       
        self.cameraSettings()


    def run(self):      
        while True:
            im = fc2.Image()
            self.c.retrieve_buffer(im)
            a = np.array(im)    

            rawImage = QImage(a.data, a.shape[1], a.shape[0], QImage.Format_Indexed8)

            self.changePixmap.emit(rawImage)

    def cameraSettings(self):
        print(fc2.get_library_version())
        self.c = fc2.Context()
        numberCam = self.c.get_num_of_cameras()
        print(numberCam)    
        self.c.connect(*self.c.get_camera_from_index(0))
        print(self.c.get_camera_info())
        m, f = self.c.get_video_mode_and_frame_rate()
        print(m, f)
        print(self.c.get_property_info(fc2.FRAME_RATE))
        p = self.c.get_property(fc2.FRAME_RATE)
        print(p)
        self.c.set_property(**p)
        self.c.start_capture()


class App(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
            super(App,self).__init__()
            self.title="PyQt4 Video"
            self.left = 100
            self.top = 100
            self.width = 640
            self.height = 480
            self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
            self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
            self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)
            self.resize(800, 600)
            # create a label
            self.label = QLabel(self)
            self.label.move(0, 0)
            self.label.resize(640, 480)
            th = Thread(self)
            th.changePixmap.connect(lambda p: self.setPixMap(p))
            th.start()

    def setPixMap(self, p):     
        p = QPixmap.fromImage(p)    
        p = p.scaled(640, 480, Qt.KeepAspectRatio)
        self.label.setPixmap(p)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = App()
    ex.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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