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Completar los datos faltantes en función de los valores de fin de mes anteriores

Hola usuario de nuestra web, hemos encontrado la solución a lo que buscas, has scroll y la hallarás más abajo.

Solución:

Un enfoque para este problema es hacer lo siguiente:

  1. Emular LEAD en SQL Server 2008. Puede utilizar APPLY o una consulta para esto.
  2. Para las filas sin una fila siguiente, agregue un mes a la fecha de su cuenta.
  3. Únase a una tabla de dimensiones que contenga las fechas de finalización del mes. Esto elimina todas las filas que no abarcan al menos un mes y agrega filas para llenar los espacios según sea necesario.

Modifiqué un poco los datos de la prueba para que los resultados fueran deterministas. También se agregó un índice:

create table #histories
(
    username varchar(10),
    account varchar(10),
    assigned date  
);

insert into #histories 
values 
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-08'), -- changed this date to have deterministic results
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07') ;

-- make life easy
create index gotta_go_fast ON #histories (account, assigned);

Aquí está la tabla de dimensiones de fecha más perezosa de todos los tiempos:

create table #date_dim_months_only (
    month_date date,
    primary key (month_date)
);

-- put 2500 month ends into table
INSERT INTO #date_dim_months_only WITH (TABLOCK)
SELECT DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)), '20000101'))
FROM master..spt_values;

Para el paso 1, hay muchas formas de emular LEAD. Aquí hay un método:

SELECT 
  h1.username
, h1.account
, h1.assigned
, next_date.assigned
FROM #histories h1
OUTER APPLY (
    SELECT TOP 1 h2.assigned
    FROM #histories h2
    WHERE h1.account = h2.account
    AND h1.assigned < h2.assigned
    ORDER BY h2.assigned ASC
) next_date;

Para el paso 2, necesitamos cambiar los valores NULL a otra cosa. Desea incluir el último mes para cada cuenta, por lo que agregar un mes a la fecha de inicio es suficiente:

ISNULL(next_date.assigned, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned))

Para el paso 3, podemos unirnos a la tabla de dimensiones de fecha. La columna de la tabla de dimensiones es exactamente la columna que necesita para el conjunto de resultados:

INNER JOIN #date_dim_months_only dd ON
    dd.month_date >= h1.assigned AND
    dd.month_date < ISNULL(next_date.assigned, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned))

No me gustó la consulta que recibí cuando lo puse todo junto. Puede haber problemas con el orden de unión al combinar OUTER APPLY y INNER JOIN. Para obtener el orden de unión que quería, lo reescribí con una subconsulta:

SELECT 
  hist.username
, hist.account
, dd.month_date 
FROM
(
    SELECT 
      h1.username
    , h1.account
    , h1.assigned
    , ISNULL(
        (SELECT TOP 1 h2.assigned
            FROM #histories h2
            WHERE h1.account = h2.account
            AND h1.assigned < h2.assigned
            ORDER BY h2.assigned ASC
        )
        , DATEADD(MONTH, 1, h1.assigned)
    ) next_assigned
    FROM #histories h1
) hist
INNER JOIN #date_dim_months_only dd ON
    dd.month_date >= hist.assigned AND
    dd.month_date < hist.next_assigned;

No sé cuántos datos tienes, por lo que es posible que no te importe. Pero el plan se ve como quiero:

buen plan

Los resultados coinciden con los tuyos:

╔══════════╦══════════╦════════════╗
║ username ║ account  ║ month_date ║
╠══════════╬══════════╬════════════╣
║ PETER    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-01-31 ║
║ PETER    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-02-28 ║
║ DAVE     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-03-31 ║
║ DAVE     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-04-30 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-05-31 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-06-30 ║
║ FRED     ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-07-31 ║
║ JAMES    ║ ACCOUNT1 ║ 2017-08-31 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-01-31 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-02-28 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-03-31 ║
║ JAMES    ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-04-30 ║
║ PHIL     ║ ACCOUNT2 ║ 2017-05-31 ║
╚══════════╩══════════╩════════════╝

Aquí no uso una tabla de calendario, sino una tabla de números naturales nums.dbo.nums (espero que tú también la tengas, si no, se puede generar fácilmente)

Tengo la respuesta un poco diferente a la tuya ('JOSH' <-> 'JAMES') porque sus datos contienen estas 2 filas:

('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),

con la misma cuenta y fecha asignada y no precisó cuál debe tomarse es esta situación.

declare @eom table(account varchar(10), dt date); 

with acc_mm AS
(
select account, min(assigned) as min_dt, max(assigned) as max_dt
from #histories
group by account
),

acc_mm1 AS
(
select account,
       dateadd(month, datediff(month, '19991231', min_dt), '19991231') as start_dt,
       dateadd(month, datediff(month, '19991231', max_dt), '19991231') as end_dt
from acc_mm
)

insert into @eom (account, dt) 
select account, dateadd(month, n - 1, start_dt)
from acc_mm1
      join nums.dbo.nums            
           on n - 1 <= datediff(month, start_dt, end_dt); 

select eom.dt, eom.account, a.username
from @eom eom 
     cross apply(select top 1 *
                 from #histories h 
                 where eom.account = h.account
                   and h.assigned <= eom.dt
                 order by h.assigned desc) a
order by eom.account, eom.dt;

¡ÚNETE a Triangle para ganar!

SELECT account,EndOfMonth,username
FROM (
    SELECT Ends.*, h.*
        ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY h.account,Ends.EndOfMonth ORDER BY h.assigned DESC) AS RowNumber
    FROM (
        SELECT [Year],[Month],MAX(DATE) AS EndOfMonth
        FROM #dim
        GROUP BY [Year],[Month]
        ) Ends
    CROSS JOIN (
        SELECT account, MAX(assigned) AS MaxAssigned
        FROM #histories
        GROUP BY account
        ) ac
    JOIN #histories h ON h.account = ac.account
        AND Year(h.assigned) = ends.[Year]
        AND Month(h.assigned) <= ends.[Month] --triangle join for the win!
        AND EndOfMonth < DATEADD(month, 1, Maxassigned)
    ) Results
WHERE RowNumber = 1
ORDER BY account,EndOfMonth;

Los resultados son:

account     EndOfMonth  username

ACCOUNT1    2017-01-31  PETER
ACCOUNT1    2017-02-28  PETER
ACCOUNT1    2017-03-31  DAVE
ACCOUNT1    2017-04-30  DAVE
ACCOUNT1    2017-05-31  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-06-30  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-07-31  FRED
ACCOUNT1    2017-08-31  JAMES

ACCOUNT2    2017-01-31  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-02-28  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-03-31  PHIL
ACCOUNT2    2017-04-30  JAMES
ACCOUNT2    2017-05-31  PHIL

Plan de ejecución interactivo aquí.

Estadísticas de E / S y TIEMPO (truncado todos los valores cero después de lecturas lógicas):

(13 row(s) affected)

Table 'Worktable'.  Scan count 3, logical reads 35.
Table 'Workfile'.   Scan count 0, logical reads  0.
Table '#dim'.       Scan count 1, logical reads  4.
Table '#histories'. Scan count 1, logical reads  1.

SQL Server Execution Times:
    CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 3 ms.

Consulta para crear las tablas temporales requeridas y prueba la declaración T-SQL que sugiero:

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#histories') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #histories

CREATE TABLE #histories (
    username VARCHAR(10)
    ,account VARCHAR(10)
    ,assigned DATE
    );

INSERT INTO #histories
VALUES
('PHIL','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-04'),
('PETER','ACCOUNT1','2017-01-15'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-03-04'),
('ANDY','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-06'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-07'),
('FRED','ACCOUNT1','2017-05-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT1','2017-08-05'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-02'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-01-18'),
('JOSH','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-08'),
('JAMES','ACCOUNT2','2017-04-09'),
('DAVE','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-06'),
('PHIL','ACCOUNT2','2017-05-07');

DECLARE @StartDate DATE = '20170101'
    ,@NumberOfYears INT = 2;

-- prevent set or regional settings from interfering with 
-- interpretation of dates / literals
SET DATEFIRST 7;
SET DATEFORMAT mdy;
SET LANGUAGE US_ENGLISH;

DECLARE @CutoffDate DATE = DATEADD(YEAR, @NumberOfYears, @StartDate);

-- this is just a holding table for intermediate calculations:
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#dim') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #dim

CREATE TABLE #dim (
    [date] DATE PRIMARY KEY
    ,[day] AS DATEPART(DAY, [date])
    ,[month] AS DATEPART(MONTH, [date])
    ,FirstOfMonth AS CONVERT(DATE, DATEADD(MONTH, DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, [date]), 0))
    ,[MonthName] AS DATENAME(MONTH, [date])
    ,[week] AS DATEPART(WEEK, [date])
    ,[ISOweek] AS DATEPART(ISO_WEEK, [date])
    ,[DayOfWeek] AS DATEPART(WEEKDAY, [date])
    ,[quarter] AS DATEPART(QUARTER, [date])
    ,[year] AS DATEPART(YEAR, [date])
    ,FirstOfYear AS CONVERT(DATE, DATEADD(YEAR, DATEDIFF(YEAR, 0, [date]), 0))
    ,Style112 AS CONVERT(CHAR(8), [date], 112)
    ,Style101 AS CONVERT(CHAR(10), [date], 101)
    );

-- use the catalog views to generate as many rows as we need

INSERT #dim ([date])
SELECT d
FROM (
    SELECT d = DATEADD(DAY, rn - 1, @StartDate)
    FROM (
        SELECT TOP (DATEDIFF(DAY, @StartDate, @CutoffDate)) rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
                ORDER BY s1.[object_id]
                )
        FROM sys.all_objects AS s1
        CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects AS s2
        -- on my system this would support > 5 million days
        ORDER BY s1.[object_id]
        ) AS x
    ) AS y;

/* The actual SELECT statement to get the results we want! */

SET STATISTICS IO, TIME ON;

SELECT account,EndOfMonth,username
FROM (
    SELECT Ends.*, h.*
        ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY h.account,Ends.EndOfMonth ORDER BY h.assigned DESC) AS RowNumber
    FROM (
        SELECT [Year],[Month],MAX(DATE) AS EndOfMonth
        FROM #dim
        GROUP BY [Year],[Month]
        ) Ends
    CROSS JOIN (
        SELECT account, MAX(assigned) AS MaxAssigned
        FROM #histories
        GROUP BY account
        ) ac
    JOIN #histories h ON h.account = ac.account
        AND Year(h.assigned) = ends.[Year]
        AND Month(h.assigned) <= ends.[Month] --triangle join for the win!
        AND EndOfMonth < DATEADD(month, 1, Maxassigned)
    ) Results
WHERE RowNumber = 1
ORDER BY account,EndOfMonth;

SET STATISTICS IO, TIME OFF;

--IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#histories') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #histories
--IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#dim') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #dim

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