Solución:
Aquí hay una explicación detallada de todo el proceso de conversión: http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/specrend/. ¡Código fuente incluido!
Para los perezosos (como yo), aquí hay una implementación en Java del código que se encuentra en la respuesta de @ user151323 (es decir, solo una traducción simple del código pascal que se encuentra en Spectra Lab Report):
static private final double Gamma = 0.80;
static private final double IntensityMax = 255;
/**
* Taken from Earl F. Glynn's web page:
* <a href="http://www.efg2.com/Lab/ScienceAndEngineering/Spectra.htm">Spectra Lab Report</a>
*/
public static int[] waveLengthToRGB(double Wavelength) {
double factor;
double Red, Green, Blue;
if((Wavelength >= 380) && (Wavelength < 440)) {
Red = -(Wavelength - 440) / (440 - 380);
Green = 0.0;
Blue = 1.0;
} else if((Wavelength >= 440) && (Wavelength < 490)) {
Red = 0.0;
Green = (Wavelength - 440) / (490 - 440);
Blue = 1.0;
} else if((Wavelength >= 490) && (Wavelength < 510)) {
Red = 0.0;
Green = 1.0;
Blue = -(Wavelength - 510) / (510 - 490);
} else if((Wavelength >= 510) && (Wavelength < 580)) {
Red = (Wavelength - 510) / (580 - 510);
Green = 1.0;
Blue = 0.0;
} else if((Wavelength >= 580) && (Wavelength < 645)) {
Red = 1.0;
Green = -(Wavelength - 645) / (645 - 580);
Blue = 0.0;
} else if((Wavelength >= 645) && (Wavelength < 781)) {
Red = 1.0;
Green = 0.0;
Blue = 0.0;
} else {
Red = 0.0;
Green = 0.0;
Blue = 0.0;
}
// Let the intensity fall off near the vision limits
if((Wavelength >= 380) && (Wavelength < 420)) {
factor = 0.3 + 0.7 * (Wavelength - 380) / (420 - 380);
} else if((Wavelength >= 420) && (Wavelength < 701)) {
factor = 1.0;
} else if((Wavelength >= 701) && (Wavelength < 781)) {
factor = 0.3 + 0.7 * (780 - Wavelength) / (780 - 700);
} else {
factor = 0.0;
}
int[] rgb = new int[3];
// Don't want 0^x = 1 for x <> 0
rgb[0] = Red == 0.0 ? 0 : (int)Math.round(IntensityMax * Math.pow(Red * factor, Gamma));
rgb[1] = Green == 0.0 ? 0 : (int)Math.round(IntensityMax * Math.pow(Green * factor, Gamma));
rgb[2] = Blue == 0.0 ? 0 : (int)Math.round(IntensityMax * Math.pow(Blue * factor, Gamma));
return rgb;
}
Idea general:
- Utilice las funciones de coincidencia de colores CEI para convertir la longitud de onda en color XYZ.
- Convierte XYZ a RGB
- Clip de componentes a [0..1] y multiplicar por 255 para encajar en el rango de bytes sin signo.
Los pasos 1 y 2 pueden variar.
Hay varias funciones de coincidencia de colores, disponibles como tablas o como aproximaciones analíticas (sugeridas por @Tarc y @Haochen Xie). Las tablas son las mejores si necesita un resultado de precisión suave.
No hay un único espacio de color RGB. Pueden usarse múltiples matrices de transformación y diferentes tipos de corrección gamma.
A continuación se muestra el código C # que se me ocurrió recientemente. Utiliza interpolación lineal sobre la tabla “Observador estándar CIE 1964” y matriz sRGB + corrección gamma.
static class RgbCalculator {
const int
LEN_MIN = 380,
LEN_MAX = 780,
LEN_STEP = 5;
static readonly double[]
X = {
0.000160, 0.000662, 0.002362, 0.007242, 0.019110, 0.043400, 0.084736, 0.140638, 0.204492, 0.264737,
0.314679, 0.357719, 0.383734, 0.386726, 0.370702, 0.342957, 0.302273, 0.254085, 0.195618, 0.132349,
0.080507, 0.041072, 0.016172, 0.005132, 0.003816, 0.015444, 0.037465, 0.071358, 0.117749, 0.172953,
0.236491, 0.304213, 0.376772, 0.451584, 0.529826, 0.616053, 0.705224, 0.793832, 0.878655, 0.951162,
1.014160, 1.074300, 1.118520, 1.134300, 1.123990, 1.089100, 1.030480, 0.950740, 0.856297, 0.754930,
0.647467, 0.535110, 0.431567, 0.343690, 0.268329, 0.204300, 0.152568, 0.112210, 0.081261, 0.057930,
0.040851, 0.028623, 0.019941, 0.013842, 0.009577, 0.006605, 0.004553, 0.003145, 0.002175, 0.001506,
0.001045, 0.000727, 0.000508, 0.000356, 0.000251, 0.000178, 0.000126, 0.000090, 0.000065, 0.000046,
0.000033
},
Y = {
0.000017, 0.000072, 0.000253, 0.000769, 0.002004, 0.004509, 0.008756, 0.014456, 0.021391, 0.029497,
0.038676, 0.049602, 0.062077, 0.074704, 0.089456, 0.106256, 0.128201, 0.152761, 0.185190, 0.219940,
0.253589, 0.297665, 0.339133, 0.395379, 0.460777, 0.531360, 0.606741, 0.685660, 0.761757, 0.823330,
0.875211, 0.923810, 0.961988, 0.982200, 0.991761, 0.999110, 0.997340, 0.982380, 0.955552, 0.915175,
0.868934, 0.825623, 0.777405, 0.720353, 0.658341, 0.593878, 0.527963, 0.461834, 0.398057, 0.339554,
0.283493, 0.228254, 0.179828, 0.140211, 0.107633, 0.081187, 0.060281, 0.044096, 0.031800, 0.022602,
0.015905, 0.011130, 0.007749, 0.005375, 0.003718, 0.002565, 0.001768, 0.001222, 0.000846, 0.000586,
0.000407, 0.000284, 0.000199, 0.000140, 0.000098, 0.000070, 0.000050, 0.000036, 0.000025, 0.000018,
0.000013
},
Z = {
0.000705, 0.002928, 0.010482, 0.032344, 0.086011, 0.197120, 0.389366, 0.656760, 0.972542, 1.282500,
1.553480, 1.798500, 1.967280, 2.027300, 1.994800, 1.900700, 1.745370, 1.554900, 1.317560, 1.030200,
0.772125, 0.570060, 0.415254, 0.302356, 0.218502, 0.159249, 0.112044, 0.082248, 0.060709, 0.043050,
0.030451, 0.020584, 0.013676, 0.007918, 0.003988, 0.001091, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000,
0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000,
0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000,
0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000,
0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000,
0.000000
};
static readonly double[]
MATRIX_SRGB_D65 = {
3.2404542, -1.5371385, -0.4985314,
-0.9692660, 1.8760108, 0.0415560,
0.0556434, -0.2040259, 1.0572252
};
public static byte[] Calc(double len) {
if(len < LEN_MIN || len > LEN_MAX)
return new byte[3];
len -= LEN_MIN;
var index = (int)Math.Floor(len / LEN_STEP);
var offset = len - LEN_STEP * index;
var x = Interpolate(X, index, offset);
var y = Interpolate(Y, index, offset);
var z = Interpolate(Z, index, offset);
var m = MATRIX_SRGB_D65;
var r = m[0] * x + m[1] * y + m[2] * z;
var g = m[3] * x + m[4] * y + m[5] * z;
var b = m[6] * x + m[7] * y + m[8] * z;
r = Clip(GammaCorrect_sRGB(r));
g = Clip(GammaCorrect_sRGB(g));
b = Clip(GammaCorrect_sRGB(b));
return new[] {
(byte)(255 * r),
(byte)(255 * g),
(byte)(255 * b)
};
}
static double Interpolate(double[] values, int index, double offset) {
if(offset == 0)
return values[index];
var x0 = index * LEN_STEP;
var x1 = x0 + LEN_STEP;
var y0 = values[index];
var y1 = values[1 + index];
return y0 + offset * (y1 - y0) / (x1 - x0);
}
static double GammaCorrect_sRGB(double c) {
if(c <= 0.0031308)
return 12.92 * c;
var a = 0.055;
return (1 + a) * Math.Pow(c, 1 / 2.4) - a;
}
static double Clip(double c) {
if(c < 0)
return 0;
if(c > 1)
return 1;
return c;
}
}
Resultado para el rango de 400-700 nm:
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